Kōļļā · Marshall Islands

Kōjparok Peḷḷọk eo Eddōk: Kōḷmān eo an China Company

Jejjetok kōn peḷḷọk eo eddōk ñan company eo aṃ ilo China: WFOE, joint venture, meļeļe im representative office. Ļōñ tak ko, aikuj ko, im ļōmņak ko ñan ri-karjerbal ro jān Marshall Islands. Meļeļe wōt, ejjab ukōt kien ak tāāk.

Ri-karjerbal ro jān Marshall Islands rej etal ñan China ñan kōmmeḷeḷe business eo aer. Juon iaan ļōmņak ko tuiōk ej: "Ta eo peḷḷọk eo eddōk ñan company eo aō?" Ilo China, peḷḷọk in company ejjab wōt juon peba — ej kōmmeḷeḷe ta eo kwōmaroñ kōmmeḷeḷe, ewi wāween kwōj bōk jerbal, im ewi wāween kwōj bōk tāāk. Ilo peba in, jej kōmmeḷeḷe peḷḷọk ko tōptōp: WFOE, joint venture, im representative office. Ejjeḷọk juon eo eddōk ñan aolep; ej aikuj ļōmņak kōn business eo aṃ, armej ro aṃ, im ta eo kwōj kōṃṃan.

Kōjjeļḷā: Peḷḷọk in ej meļeļe wōt — ejjab ukōt kien, ejjab ukōt tāāk, im ejjab kōnana ñan kwōj. Kien im tāāk in China rej pidodo ñan ukōt. Kwōn bajjek kōn juon lawyer im accountant ilo China ṃokta jān kwōj kōṃṃan juon peḷḷọk.

1. Ta eo ej peḷḷọk in company ilo China?

Ilo China, peḷḷọk in company ej kōmmeḷeḷe juon "legal person" — juon eo ej maroñ bōk jerbal, bōk tāāk, im kōṃṃan contract ilo etan make. Ej aikuj bōk juon "business license" jān government eo. Ilo an juon ri-karjerbal jān Marshall Islands, kwōj aikuj ļōmņak kōn jet men:

• Ownership: Kwōj aikuj juon peḷḷọk eo kwōmaroñ kōjparok aṃ ownership ilo an ej erreo.
• Control: Ewi wāween kwōj kōjparok control eo aṃ im kwōj kōṃṃan pepe.
• Liability: Kwōj aikuj meļeļe ewi wāween tāāk ej barāinwōt ñan kwōj make.
• Capital: Jet peḷḷọk rej aikuj capital eo ej jeḷā; jet rejjab.
• Business scope: Ta eo kwōmaroñ kōṃṃan ej pidodo ñan kōmmeḷeḷe ilo license eo.

Ejjab aolep peḷḷọk rej bōk aolep jerbal. Jet rej aikuj "approval" ak "filing" jān ministry ko. Kwōn bajjek kōn expert eo an China ñan dāpdep eo aṃ.

2. WFOE — Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise

WFOE ej juon company eo ej owned wōt jān ri-foreign ro — ejjeḷọk ri-China shareholder. Elañe kwōj kōṃṃan business eo aṃ make, WFOE ej ļōmņak eo eddōk ñan elōñ jerbal ko.

Ta eo ej ļōmņak ñan WFOE

• Kwōj bōk aolep ownership im control — ejjeḷọk juon ri-China shareholder eo ej aikuj kōṇaan.
• Ej pidodo ñan kōṃṃan brand eo aṃ, hire staff, im kōṃṃan contract ilo etan company eo.
• Ej maroñ bōk "limited liability" — tāāk ej ļotak ñan capital eo kwōj kwaḷọk, ilo āinwōt ejjeḷọk jerbal eo ej kōṃṃan bwe kwōn bōk tāāk eo an armej.
• Ej maroñ export im import elañe kwōj bōk license ko.

Ta eo kwōn ļōmņak kake

• Capital eo ej aikuj: jet sector rej aikuj juon minimum capital eo ej jeḷā, ak ejjab aolep.
• "Negative list": jet sector rej jab allowed ñan foreign ownership, ak rej aikuj joint venture.
• Kwōj aikuj juon "registered address" ilo China — ejjab wōt juon mailbox; ej aikuj address eo ej erreo.
• Kwōj aikuj juon legal representative, supervisor, im executive eo — jet rej aikuj juon ri-China ak ri-foreign eo ej pād ilo China.
• Tax registration, bank account, im accounting rej aikuj jān ñiin.

WFOE ej ļōmņak eo eddōk ñan elōñ ri-karjerbal ro rej kōṃṃan business eo aer make ilo China — elañe sector eo ej allow.

3. Joint Venture — JV

Joint venture ej company eo ilo an ri-foreign im ri-China rej share ownership. Ej maroñ bōk equity joint venture (EJV) ak cooperative joint venture (CJV). JV ej aikuj ilo jet sector ko — im ej maroñ bōk jerbal ko an government.

Ta eo ej ļōmņak ñan JV

• Kwōj bōk juon ri-China partner eo ej ļōmņak kōn kien, armej, im market.
• El añe sector eo ej aikuj JV, ej wōt wāween eo.
• Ej maroñ bōk jerbal ko an government im license ko eo ejjab pidodo ñan WFOE.

Ta eo kwōn ļōmņak kake

• Kwōj jab bōk aolep control — kwōj aikuj share decision-making.
• Contract eo an JV ej aikuj kōmmeḷeḷe pepe ko, profit sharing, im wāween ñan exit.
• Kwōj aikuj kōjparok technology im IP eo aṃ ilo contract eo.
• Kwōj aikuj meļeļe ewi wāween kwōj exit — ejjab pidodo.

JV ejjab eddōk ñan aolep. Elañe kwōj maroñ kōjparok ownership eo aṃ im control eo aṃ ilo WFOE, WFOE ej ļōmņak eo eddōk. Ak elañe sector eo ej aikuj JV, kwōn kōṃṃan JV kōn contract eo ej erreo.

4. Representative Office — RO

Representative office ej juon office eo ejjab maroñ kōṃṃan profit-making business. Ej maroñ kōṃṃan market research, liaison, im coordination — ak ejjab maroñ bōk jerbal, bōk tāāk, ak kōṃṃan contract ilo etan make.

Ta eo ej ļōmņak ñan RO

• Ej pidodo ñan kōṃṃan im ej jab aikuj capital eo ej jeḷā.
• Ej maroñ kōjparok armej ro aṃ ilo China ñan research im liaison.
• Ej jab bōk tax ilo profit — ak ej aikuj bōk tax ilo staff im office.

Ta eo kwōn ļōmņak kake

• Ej jab maroñ kōṃṃan revenue. Elañe kwōj aikuj bōk jerbal, RO ejjab eddōk.
• Jet sector rej jab allow RO ak rej aikuj approval.
• Ej aikuj juon chief representative im office eo ej erreo.

RO ej ļōmņak eo eddōk ñan "test water" — ak ejjab ñan kōṃṃan business eo aṃ.

5. Ewi wāween kwōj kōḷmān peḷḷọk eo eddōk?

Kwōn ļōmņak kōn men ko ļo:

• Ta eo kwōj kōṃṃan? Elañe kwōj aikuj bōk jerbal im bōk revenue, WFOE ak JV. Elañe kwōj aikuj research wōt, RO.
• Ewi wāween kwōj kōjparok ownership? Elañe ownership ej aikuj aṃ wōt, WFOE. Elañe sector eo ej aikuj JV, kwōn kōṃṃan JV kōn contract eo ej erreo.
• Ewi wāween kwōj kōjparok IP? Kwōn kōjparok trademark, patent, im trade secret ilo China ṃokta jān kwōj launch. Kwōn kōṃṃan contract ko ej kōjparok IP eo aṃ.
• Ewi wāween kwōj bōk capital? Kwōn ļōmņak kōn capital eo ej aikuj, im ewi wāween kwōj bōk jerbal jān Marshall Islands ñan China.
• Ewi wāween kwōj hire? Kwōn ļōmņak kōn labor law, social insurance, im visa ko.
• Ewi wāween kwōj exit? Kwōn ļōmņak kōn wāween ñan likjab — ejjab pidodo ilo JV.

Kwōn kōṃṃan checklist eo: business scope, capital, address, legal representative, tax, bank, IP, labor. Kwōn bajjek kōn lawyer im accountant ilo China. Kwōn jab kōṃṃan juon peḷḷọk kōn "copy-paste" jān juon eo ejjab āinwōt aṃ.

6. Ļōmņak ko ñan ri-karjerbal ro jān Marshall Islands

Ri-karjerbal ro jān Marshall Islands rej maroñ bōk business eo aer ilo China — ak rej aikuj kōjparok peba ko. Jet ļōmņak:

• Kwōn kōṃṃan "notarization" im "legalization" ko an peba ko aṃ — ej aikuj ñan registration.
• Kwōn kōjparok "beneficial ownership" information eo aṃ — ej aikuj ñan bank im government.
• Kwōn kōjparok tax residency eo aṃ — ejjab wōt China; Marshall Islands ej bar juon.
• Kwōn kōṃṃan juon "tax treaty" analysis elañe ej aikuj — ak ejjab aolep.
• Kwōn kōjparok juon ri-China eo ej kōmeļeļe kien im ej maroñ kōnana ñan kwōj.

Ejjab aolep peḷḷọk rej bōk aolep jerbal. Kwōn kōḷmān kōn business eo aṃ make, im kwōn kōṃṃan juon decision kōn expert eo aṃ.

7. Kōjjeļḷā

Peḷḷọk in ej meļeļe wōt — ejjab ukōt kien, ejjab ukōt tāāk, im ejjab kōnana ñan kwōj. Kien im tāāk in China rej pidodo ñan ukōt. Kwōn bajjek kōn juon lawyer im accountant ilo China ṃokta jān kwōj kōṃṃan juon peḷḷọk. Elañe kwōj aikuj kōḷmān peḷḷọk eo eddōk, kwōn kōṃṃan juon list eo an men ko kwōj aikuj, im kwōn kōṃṃan juon decision kōn business eo aṃ make — ejjab wōt kōn ta eo armej rej ba.